Hybrid Electric
"Hybrid vehicles are the fastest growing segment of the light-duty vehicle market" 2011, National Research Council (Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies)
"The number of registered HEVs in the U.S. grew to nearly 2 million [in 2012]" (State Clean Energy Index)
"Nine of the ten most fuel efficient vehicles today are hybrids or electric vehicles" (Top Ten Lists)
Plug-In Hybrid
"Over the next two to three years, all major automakers—and some start-ups—intend to put [Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles] PHEVs on the road" (An Action Plan)
"Plug-in vehicles can be driven for roughly one-third to one-fourth the cost of a gasoline-powered vehicle" (Transportation Electrification)
"If the [electric] vehicle is plugged in every day, as recommended, it may be possible to drive 1000-2000 miles or more between fill-ups" (Plugging-In)
"PHEVs reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 32% compared to conventional vehicles" (Lithium Ion Batteries)
"Pike Research estimates an annual sales growth rate of 106% for PEVs between 2010 and 2015" (Plug-in Electric Vehicles: A Practical Plan for Progress)
Extended-Range EV
"If the [electric] vehicle is plugged in every day, as recommended, it may be possible to drive 1000-2000 miles or more between fill-ups" (Plugging-In)
Battery Electric
"[Battery Electric Vehicle] BEV emissions are estimated [...] to be 75% lower than the average conventional gasoline-powered vehicle, and 55% lower than the average conventional hybrid vehicle" (Ready, Set, Charge, California!)
Fuel Cell Electric
"Air Products reports 347,000 hydrogen fuelings per year" (Fuel Cells in America)
"Major corporations like IKEA, FedEx, Hilton Hotels and Coca-Cola [use fuel cell vehicles in their fleets]" (The Business Case for Fuel Cells)
Competitiveness
"Between 2003 and 2010, jobs in fuel cells grew 10.3% annually, and jobs in electric vehicle technologies grew 6.3%. The average national job growth during this period was 4.2%" (Sizing the Clean Economy)
"Typical wages in the clean economy exceed those in the aggregate U.S. economy by roughly 13 percent" (Sizing the Clean Economy)
"Electric vehicle technologies [...] export roughly $63,000 per job" (Sizing the Clean Economy)
"Approximately 26 percent of all clean economy jobs are involved in manufacturing, compared to just 9 percent of jobs in the economy as a whole" (Sizing the Clean Economy)
"In 2010, U.S. patents awarded for hybrid and electric vehicle technologies reached an all-time high, jumping 60 percent from the year before" (Supplying Ingenuity)
"The U.S. filed more fuel cell patents than any other country [in 2010]" (Fuel Cells in America)
"[There was] $154 billion in private capital invested worldwide in 2010 in renewable energy alone" (Sizing the Clean Economy)
"Manufacturing makes up 59 percent of EV industry jobs and grew 132 percent 2004 to 2010" (Powering Innovation)
"The U.S. market for supply and installation of residential charging points alone is expected to reach almost $1 billion by 2020" (Electric Vehicles: Reducing Foreign Oil Dependence)
Energy Security
"[There is] $1 billion that American families and businesses send overseas every day for oil" (Gobbling Less Gas for Thanksgiving)
"Oak Ridge National Laboratory estimates the combined total [foreign oil expenditure] has reached more than $5 trillion since 1970" (An Action Plan)
"OPEC [Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela] accounts for 40% of the world's yearly oil production [...] and this dependence is projected to increase to more than 50% by 2025" (Plug-in Electric Vehicles: A Practical Plan for Progress)
"70% of the oil consumed in the United States is used for transportation" (Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market?)
"Oil demand [is] projected to grow by 1 percent per year on average from now to 2030—reaching 105.2 million barrels per day in 2030" (Changing the Game)
"The transport sector [is] the main driver of this growth [in oil demand] (accounting for 97 percent)" (Changing the Game)
"Electric vehicles –if widely adopted – could reduce petroleum fuel consumption by 70 to 90%" (Plugging-In)
"PHEVs are expected to displace the use of 380 million gallons of gasoline in 2015, increasing to 1.4 billion gallons in 2020" (Transportation Electrification)
"American troops are deployed on oil-security missions, costing U.S. taxpayers $67 billion to $83 billion a year" (Electric Vehicles: Reducing Foreign Oil Dependence)
"The U.S. passenger vehicle fleet accounts for more than 40 percent of U.S. oil demand" (An Action Plan)
"In the United States, 94 percent of cars, trucks, ships and planes depend on oil" (Electric Vehicles: Reducing Foreign Oil Dependence)
Clean Environment
"In 2009, transportation accounted for approximately one-fifth of global primary energy use and one quarter of all energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions" (EV City Casebook)
"[The transportation] sector accounted for about 27% of total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2008" (Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market?)
"[The U.S. passenger fleet] emits 16 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions" (An Action Plan)
"PHEVs are expected to reduce carbon emissions by 2.1 million metric tons in 2015, increasing to 48 million metric tons by 2030" (Transportation Electrification)
"Motor vehicles are currently responsible for one-half of smog-forming air pollutants and about 75 percent of carbon monoxide emissions" (An Action Plan)
"A typical passenger vehicle emits about 5.1 metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. [...] A vehicle that can only operate on electricity will not emit any tailpipe emissions" (Greenhouse Gas Emissions from a Typical Passenger Vehicle)
"PHEVs reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 32% compared to conventional vehicles" (Lithium Ion Batteries)
"BEV emissions are estimated [...] to be 75% lower than the average conventional gasoline-powered vehicle, and 55% lower than the average conventional hybrid vehicle" (Ready, Set, Charge, California!)
Safety
"On average, the odds of being injured in a crash are 25 percent lower for people in hybrids than people traveling in nonhybrid models" (Hybrid Models Have Lower Injury Odds)
The Nissan Leaf and Chevrolet Volt are both named Top Safety Picks by the Insurance Institute foe Highway Safety.
The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) primarily defines the standards and recommended practices for product function. For more information, visit their website.
Underwriter's Labs (UL) primarily writes standards to which products can be tested for safety. For more information, visit their website.
The National Electric Code (NEC) if published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), and describes how electrical products must be installed in vehicles. For more information, visit their website
Sustainability
"Approximately 86% of a vehicle’s material content is recycled, reused or used for energy recovery" (Automotive Recycling Industry)
"Each year the [automotive recycling] industry collects and reuses or recycles 96% of all lead acid batteries" (Automotive Recycling Industry)
"Steel is recycled at a rate of more than 18 million tons each year from end-of-life vehicles" (Automotive Recycling Industry)
"50% or more of the lithium in [an electric vehicle's] battery can be recycled" (Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market?)
"Vehicle production contributes on the order of 10 to 20 percent of overall emissions" (Full Fuel Cycle Assessment)
EV Fleets
"Major corporations like IKEA, FedEx, Hilton Hotels and Coca-Cola [use fuel cell vehicles in their fleets]" (The Business Case for Fuel Cells)
"Frito-Lay, Staples, and FedEx have all ordered electric delivery trucks" (Deployment Rollout Estimate of Electric Vehicles)
"General Electric announced that they will purchase 25,000 EVs by 2015" (One Million Electric Vehicles by 2015)
"Enterprise Holdings, the largest rental car company in the nation, has announced that it plans to introduce [...] Nissan LEAF models and Coda EV sedans [to its fleet]" (Deployment Rollout Estimate of Electric Vehicles)
"Vehicles in taxi fleets accumulate mileage at a very high rate, generally in excess of 50,000 miles annually" (Ready, Set, Charge, California!)
"The fleet market makes up about 70% of the global NEV marketplace" (Executive Summary: Neighborhood Electric Vehicles)
"Some [Electric Vehicle] EV cost of operation estimates for a five- to six-year period are up to three times less than those for similar [Internal Combustion Engine] ICE vehicles" (The Shift to Electric Vehicles)
"It is clear from data collected to date, that battery performance is sufficient to provide stable vehicle fuel economy over a 160,000 mile [Hybrid Electric Vehicle] HEV life" (Department of Energy)
"Plug-in vehicles can be driven for roughly one-third to one-fourth the cost of a gasoline-powered vehicle" (Transportation Electrification)
"Fueling a PEV costs only 3 to 5 cents per mile. In contrast, fueling a gasoline car that has a fuel economy of 27.5 mpg costs about 14 cents per mile" (Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook)
"Buying electricity [for an electric vehicle] is approximately equivalent to buying gasoline at $1 per gallon" (Plugging-In)
"If the [electric] vehicle is plugged in every day, as recommended, it may be possible to drive 1,000-2,000 miles or more between fill-ups" (Plugging-In)
"The number of registered [Hybride Electric Vehicles] HEVs in the U.S. grew to nearly 2 million [in 2012]" (State Clean Energy Index)
"Consumers who consider themselves knowledgeable [about electric vehicles] are more than two and a half times more likely to consider an EV than those who believe they know 'nothing' about EVs" (The Shift to Electric Vehicles)
"The average car trip length in the United States is 9.34 miles, within the [electric] range of most PEVs" (An Action Plan)
"Increasing the electricity cost by 100% (from $0.12 to $0.24 per kWh) increases the net present cost of an EV relative to a conventional gasoline powered vehicle by $1,606, but raising gas prices by 100% (from $3.75 to $7.50 per gallon) increases the net present cost of a conventional vehicle by $6,453" (Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market?)
"Driving a BEV 12,000 miles per year, as opposed to 6,000 miles per year costs about $1,000 additional in operating costs. By contrast, driving a conventional gasoline powered vehicle 12,000 miles per year, as opposed to 6,000 miles per year costs about $4,000 additional in operating costs" (Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market?)
"Some EV cost of operation estimates for a five- to six-year period are up to three times less than those for similar ICE vehicles" (The Shift to Electric Vehicles)
Consumer Acceptance
"Plug-in vehicles can be driven for roughly one-third to one-fourth the cost of a gasoline-powered vehicle" (Transportation Electrification)
"Fueling a PEV costs only 3 to 5 cents per mile. In contrast, fueling a gasoline car that has a fuel economy of 27.5 mpg costs about 14 cents per mile" (Plug-In Electric Vehicle Handbook)
"Buying electricity [for an electric vehicle] is approximately equivalent to buying gasoline at $1 per gallon" (Plugging-In)
"If the [electric] vehicle is plugged in every day, as recommended, it may be possible to drive 1,000-2,000 miles or more between fill-ups" (Plugging-In)
"The number of registered [Hybride Electric Vehicles] HEVs in the U.S. grew to nearly 2 million [in 2012]" (State Clean Energy Index)
"Consumers who consider themselves knowledgeable [about electric vehicles] are more than two and a half times more likely to consider an EV than those who believe they know 'nothing' about EVs" (The Shift to Electric Vehicles)
"The average car trip length in the United States is 9.34 miles, within the [electric] range of most PEVs" (An Action Plan)
"Increasing the electricity cost by 100% (from $0.12 to $0.24 per kWh) increases the net present cost of an EV relative to a conventional gasoline powered vehicle by $1,606, but raising gas prices by 100% (from $3.75 to $7.50 per gallon) increases the net present cost of a conventional vehicle by $6,453" (Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market?)
"Driving a BEV 12,000 miles per year, as opposed to 6,000 miles per year costs about $1,000 additional in operating costs. By contrast, driving a conventional gasoline powered vehicle 12,000 miles per year, as opposed to 6,000 miles per year costs about $4,000 additional in operating costs" (Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market?)
"Some EV cost of operation estimates for a five- to six-year period are up to three times less than those for similar ICE vehicles" (The Shift to Electric Vehicles)
Electric Utility Readiness
"73 percent of the nation's light vehicles could be recharged with existing excess utility capacity" (Impacts Assessment)
"Approximately 160 million vehicles in the United States could be powered solely from existing off-peak generating capacity" (How the Smart Grid Enables Utilities to Integrate Electric Vehicles)
"The U.S. average annual residential electricity consumption is 12,231 kWh, while the Chevy Volt's annual electricity consumption is only 1,890 kWh" (Marrying Electric Transportation to the Electric System)
"Oak Ridge National Laboratory estimates that with 25% PEV penetration, on-peak charging could require 150+ new power plants, while off-peak charging could require 0-8 new power plants" (Plug-In Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure)
EV-Friendliness
"Walgreens announced plans to offer EV charging stations at approximately 800 locations across the country" (Walgreens)
"Today, 64% of all travel kilometers made are urban" (The Future of Urban Mobility)
EV Infrastructure
"Vehicles, on average, spend 66% of their time parked at home, and 14% of their time parked at work" (Transportation Electrification)
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